Bibliographic record
Abstract
No AccessWorld Bank Working Papers12 Aug 2013The Canada-Vietnam Remittance CorridorLessons on Shifting from Informal to Formal Transfer SystemsAuthors/Editors: Raul Hernandez-CossRaul Hernandez-Cosshttps://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-6127-9SectionsAboutPDF (4 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:Examining the experience of the Canada-Vietnam remittances corridor over the past several years, this title is a first step towards identifying the main features and pointing out some of the areas and issues that researchers and authorities should examine more closely. In contrast to the large size and advanced level of development of the U.S.-Mexico remittances corridor, examined in the first case study, the Canada-Vietnam corridor is small in absolute terms and still at a nascent stage of shifting from informal to formal systems. For purposes of discussion, The Canada-Vietnam Remittance Corridor breaks down the remittance process into three stages: - the First Mile, when decisions are in the hands of the remittance sender; - the Intermediary Stage, comprising the systems that facilitate the cross-border transfer of funds, and; - the Last Mile, where the funds reach the hands of the remittance recipient.By analyzing the objectives, obstacles, incentives, and changes occurring at each of these stages in the Canada-Vietnam corridor, lessons are drawn for other remittance sending and receiving countries that seek to encourage formalization of the flows. Previous bookNext book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetailsCited byMapping hawala risks around the world: the use of a composite indicatorGlobal Crime, Vol.23, No.31 August 2022The process to rapprochement between Vietnam and its diaspora in the United StatesDiaspora Studies, Vol.13, No.111 November 2019Exploring the nexus between tourism, remittances and growth in KenyaQuality & Quantity, Vol.48, No.37 May 2013Ukrainian Labour Migration and Remittances in the Czech RepublicTijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, Vol.105, No.17 October 2013Social Organization of Hundi: Informal Remittance Transfer to South AsiaMigrant transnationalism and the choice of transfer channels for remittances: the case of MoldovaGlobal Networks, Vol.13, No.127 December 2012Gender Dimensions of Remittances: A Study of Indonesian Domestic Workers in East and Southeast AsiaSSRN Electronic JournalDeterminants and impacts of international remittances on household welfare in VietnamInternational Social Science Journal, Vol.60, No.197-198THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF HUNDIAsian Population Studies, Vol.4, No.1The Impact of International Migration on the Economic Development of Countries in the Mediterranean BasinSSRN Electronic Journal View Published: April 2005ISBN: 978-0-8213-6127-6 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsEast Asia & PacificRelated CountriesCanadaVietnamRelated TopicsFinance and Financial Sector DevelopmentHealth Nutrition and PopulationMacroeconomics and Economic Growth KeywordsCANADA-VIETNAM REMITTANCES CORRIDORREMITTANCEREMITTANCE SENDERCROSS-BORDER TRANSFER OF FUNDSREMITTANCE RECIPIENTBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESBUSINESS OPPORTUNITYFINANCIAL MARKETFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICESINTERNATIONAL BANKREMITTANCE CORRIDORREMITTANCE CORRIDORSREMITTANCES PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.098 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".