Gene Transfer in Avian Embryos Using Replication- Competent Retroviruses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of replication-competent, avian-specific retroviral vectors known as RCAS or RCAN have been developed by Hughes et al. ( 1 ) and used successfully by a rapidly expanding number of groups to assess gene function directly (e.g., refs. 2 – 14 ). These proviral vectors are derived from the Rous sarcoma virus and contain a unique Cla I restriction site in place of the region normally encoding the src oncogene, into which foreign DNA fragments of up to approx 2.4 kb can be inserted. An Escherichia coli plasmid backbone allows the gene of choice to be introduced by standard subcloning techniques, whereas retention of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences together with sequences encoding the viral gag, pol , and env genes facilitates viral replication and transmission. RCAN is a variant of RCAS from which the splice acceptor immediately upstream of the Cla I site has been removed preventing translation of the inserted gene and acts as a control for nonspecific effects owing to viral infection. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".