SIG 13 Perspectives Vol. 21, No. 3, October 2012

You have accessPerspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)CE Questions1 Oct 2012SIG 13 Perspectives Vol. 21, No. 3, October 2012Earn 0.3 CEUs on This Issue Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai, Jason E. Childress and Paul E Schulz Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai Google Scholar More articles by this author , Jason E. Childress Google Scholar More articles by this author and Paul E Schulz Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/sasd21.3.1-ce SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In “An Overview of Dementias,” Dalai, Childress, and Schulz 1. Parkinsonism is associated with: Alzheimer's disease vascular dementia Lewy body dementia frontotemporal dementia 2. Apathy is one of the first signs of: Alzheimer's disease vascular dementia Lewy body dementia frontotemporal dementia 3. Initially in Alzheimer's disease, brain scan findings reveal: frontal lobe atrophy hippocampal atrophy white matter hyperintensities lateral ventricular enlargement 4. A common screening tool for dementia is the: Stroop Test Boston Naming Test Montreal Cognitive Assessment Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 5. Individuals with vascular dementia typically present with: frontal-executive dysfunction impulsivity visuoperceptual dysfunction verbal memory learning deficits “Apraxia in Dementia: Impact on Oral Intake,” Foundas and Shields 6. Patients with limb apraxia have difficulty with the: pharyngeal swallow oral swallow ability to select and use a fork to eat a meal ability to perform a sequence of movements to command 7. A 58-year-old male patient comes to you for evaluation complaining of difficulty with movement of his lips. On examination, the patient is unable to pantomime blowing out a match with difficulty maintaining tone in his lips. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is: oral apraxia speech apraxia swallowing apraxia ideomotor apraxia 8. Based on their study findings, Rapcsak, Croswell, and Rubens (1989) concluded that apraxia in patients with Alzheimer's disease is similar to stroke patients with a cortical lesion located in the: right parietal cortex right frontal cortex left parietal cortex left frontal cortex 9. In a study conducted by Foundas et al. (1999), patients with Alzheimer's disease were found to be more impaired on intransitive limb movements, and the errors were correlated by dementia severity. An example of an intransitive limb movement is: using a screwdriver waving goodbye describing how to make a sandwich pantomiming how to brush your teeth 10. Many of the symptoms of apraxia in Alzheimer's disease have been attributed to the conceptual system. A way to examine conceptual apraxia is by having the patient: put his or her index finger on his or her nose draw a clock and set the time show how to use a toothbrush to brush his or her teeth describe the proper usage for a hammer “Ingestion and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence of Early Changes,” Sheaffer and Daniels 11. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies in individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease have revealed: decreased duration of upper esophageal sphincter opening reduced hyolaryngeal elevation inadequate mastication increased aspiration 12. Agnosia is the inability to: recall a name recognize an object perform a sequenced movement swallow 13. During mealtime, individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease required cues to: bring fork to mouth slow rate of eating chew with their mouth closed sequence steps in food preparation 14. Cue to swallow has been shown to result in: faster elicitation of the pharyngeal swallow holding of the bolus in the anterior oral cavity longer oral transit time onset of the pharyngeal swallow with the leading edge of the bolus in the pyriform sinuses 15. A frequent cause of death in individuals with Alzheimer's disease is: cardiac arrest stroke pneumonia renal insufficiency “Using Spaced Retrieval to Effectively Treat Dysphagia in Clients With Dementia,” Camp, Antenucci, Brush, and Slominski 16. This component of memory is often preserved later into dementia: procedural episodic spaced short-term 17. Procedural memory involves: recalling new information repetitive priming vocabulary recall semantic memory 18. In spaced retrieval (SR), when the client responds correctly to the prompt question, the next interval will: remain the same be expanded involve a new prompt question be reduced to the last interval at which the client was successful 19. To ensure accuracy and documentation of progress for reimbursement, it is important for the clinician to: track time intervals use the Boston Naming Test utilize an aide assign the ICD codes for SR to the Treatment Plan 20. SR therapy has been utilized to teach patients techniques to: reduce dehydration, attend meals, and use adaptive equipment prepare meals and reduce hydration problem-solve mealtime issues and signal satiety to caregivers use compensatory strategies, reduce hydration, and prepare meals “An Approach to Guiding and Supporting Decision-Making for Individuals With Dementia: Feeding, Swallowing, and Nutrition Considerations,” Waters and Sullivan 21. According to Blackburn et al. (1977), this percentage of weight loss in one month is considered “significant weight loss” and may suggest the need for intervention: 1–2% 10% 5% 7.5% 22. A feeding/eating scale that is specifically designed for use in the dementia population is the: Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) dysphagia-specific quality of life (SWAL-QOL) functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS) M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) 23. According to Nair, Hertan, and Pitchumoni (2000), the most accurate description of the relationship between serum albumin levels and feeding tube placement is: patients with low albumin fair better than those with normal levels following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement patients with low albumin fair worse than those with normal levels following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement albumin levels do not affect outcomes for individuals undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy placements albumin levels are statistically higher in the dementia population and should not be a factor in the consideration of percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tubes 24. A dementia rating scale that yields information regarding functional decline as measured by ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is the: Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST) global deterioration scale (GDS) Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Assessment of Basic Care for the Demented (ABCD) 25. Regarding feeding tube placement in individuals with advanced dementia, Finucane et al. (1999) conclude that: feeding tube placement in individuals with advanced dementia improves quality of life at this time, there is no evidence that placement of a feeding tube in patients with advanced dementia offers any benefit feeding tube placement in individuals with advanced dementia prolongs life feeding tube placement in individuals with advanced dementia increases appetite Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 21Issue 3October 2012 History Published in issue: Oct 1, 2012 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library Metrics Downloaded 152 times Topicsasha-sigsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

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