Bibliographic record
Abstract
Presbyterians have expressed the Reformed theological tradition’s emphasis on the need to confess Christian faith. Confessions of faith have been a hallmark of Presbyterian churches throughout the world and throughout their history. Some confessions have presented a full range of theological topics; others have focused on particular issues addressed from Reformed perspectives. Presbyterians have built on classic continental Reformed confessions composed during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1647), composed in part by Presbyterians during the English Civil War, has been one of the most influential and enduring confessions, especially in the United States, where it has been the doctrinal standard of many Presbyterian denominations. A Book of Confessions, including a number of classical and contemporary Reformed confessions, is the doctrinal standard of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. It includes the Confession of 1967 centered on the theme of reconciliation in Jesus Christ. Other important confessions from Presbyterian churches have emerged in Canada, the Republic of Korea, the Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba, and other nations. New and ongoing confessions of faith by Presbyterians express the Reformed impulse—“I believe, therefore I confess.”
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".