The World of "Septic Vapours:" Yellow Fever and United States Shipping, 1798-1905
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans les années 1800, les marins nord-américains craignaient la fièvre jaune.On se demandait notamment d'où provenait la maladie.Plusieurs chirurgiens et agents de santé américains en étaient venus à la conclusion que la fièvre se transmettait spontanément à partir des toilettes des navires circulant dans les mers subtropicales et tropicales.On prit ainsi des mesures pour que le ballast et les ponts inférieurs demeurent propres et secs.On considérait de plus que le froid et la chaleur humide élimineraient le virus.Par conséquent, les officiers de marine recherchaient les eaux plus froides de la Nouvelle-Angleterre pour neutraliser le soi-disant fléau naval.Cet essai examine la polémique entourant la question et les mesures de prévention prises par les autorités médicales pour empêcher les navires militaires et marchands de devenir des vaisseaux d'incubation du pathogène mortel.Few occurrences terrified hardy American seamen like a yellow fever outbreak.This horrific disease claimed the life of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and ended the promising careers of many officers.An episode in Hampton Roads on board the USS Constitution during the autumn of 1798, described by Midshipman John Roche, Jr, typified this gloomy sense of mariners waiting for their lives to be cut short.Roche recorded "the prospect was melancholy, scarce a minute, but some one was taken down on a sudden, [sic] No one could tell when it would be his turn & the stillness of the grave prevailed.We could not put to sea, as most of the officers were down & our surgeon dead." 1 Interest in the history of yellow fever has risen at a time when imported vector mosquitoes, such as the Asian tiger mosquito and diseases, such as West Nile Fever, monkey pox, and SARS have appeared across North America.Recent yellow fever studies have focussed on the regional, public health, and political facets of the fever.Scholars, however, merely mentioned the maritime association of yellow jack and consequently have ignored 1 Christopher McKee, ed., "Constitution in the Quasi-War with France: The Letters of John Roche, Jr.,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".