Tissue distribution and antithrombotic activity of unlabeled or<sup>14</sup>C-labeled porcine intestinal mucosal heparin following administration to rats by the oral route
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Distribution and antithrombotic activity of orally administered unfractionated porcine heparin were studied. [14C]Heparin was prepared by de-N-acetylation of porcine mucosal heparin followed by re-N-acetylation, using [14C]acetic anhydride. [14C]Heparin and (or) cold heparin (60 mg/kg) were administered by stomach tube to male Wistar rats. Blood, all levels of gut and gut contents, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and aortic and vena caval endothelium were collected under deep anesthesia at 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 min and 4 and 24 h (6 rats/group) after administration. Urine and feces were collected at 24 h, using metabolic cages. In three additional rats, drugs were administered in gelatin capsules. Tissues listed above and tongue, esophagus, trachea, brain, heart, thymus, bile ducts, vena caval and aortic walls, ureters, bladder, samples of muscle, skin, hair, and bone marrow were collected at 24 h. Radioactivity and chemical heparin, measured by agarose gel electrophoresis, were observed in all tissues examined as well as gut washes, plasma, urine, and feces. Radiolabel recovered was confirmed to be heparin by autoradiograms of gradient polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. [14C]Heparin and chemical heparin in gut tissue suggest a transit time of 4 h. Porcine or bovine heparin (7.5 mg/kg), administered by stomach tube, decreased the incidence of thrombosis induced by applying 10% formalin in 65% methanol to the exposed jugular vein of rats. Heparin isolation from non-gut tissue, endothelium, urine, and plasma and the observed antithrombotic effect are consistent with oral bioavailability.Key words: heparin, [14C]heparin, oral administration, distribution, radiolabel, thrombosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".