Centrifuge modeling of the influence of basement excavation on existing tunnels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The centrifuge tests were conducted in a geotechnical beam centrifuge at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Ng et al. 2001). This centrifuge has a maximum capacity of 400 g-ton, with arm radius of 4.2 m. The acceleration of the1 INTRODUCTIONWhen a basement excavation in an urban area has to be carried out close to, or directly above, existing tunnels, the influence of basement excavation on tunnel response is a key issue of concern for designers. This problem was recognized as early as 1959, when the basement excavation of the Shell Building on the South Bank in London caused significant upward movement of the underlying tunnels (Burford 1988). Other cases, such as basement excavation of the Phase III of the York Mills Centre in Toronto (Lo & Ramsay 1991) and Shanghai Square excavation (Kuang et al. 2000), also revealed that basement excavation caused serious damage to the existing tunnels if no protection measure was implemented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".