Continuous GPS measurements of postglacial adjustment in Fennoscandia 1. Geodetic results
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.279
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.897
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Project BIFROST (Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound Observations, Sea‐level, and Tectonics) combines networks of continuously operating GPS receivers in Sweden and Finland to measure ongoing crustal deformation due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We present an analysis of data collected between August 1993 and May 2000. We compare the GPS determinations of three‐dimensional crustal motion to predictions calculated using the high‐resolution Fennoscandian deglaciation model recently proposed by Lambeck et al. [1998a , 1998b] . We find that the maximum observed uplift rate (∼10 mm yr −1 ) and the maximum predicted uplift rate agree to better than 1 mm yr −1 . The patterns of uplift also agree quite well, although significant systematic differences are evident. The root‐mean‐square residual rate for a linear error model yields estimates of rate accuracy of 0.4 mm yr −1 for east, 0.3 mm yr −1 for north, and 1.3 mm yr −1 for up; these figures incorporate model errors, however. We have also compared the values for the observed radial deformation rates to those based on sea level rates from Baltic tide gauges. The observational error for the vertical GPS rates required to give a reduced χ 2 of unity is 0.8 mm yr −1 . The time series do exhibit temporal variations at seasonal frequencies, as well as apparent low‐frequency noise. An empirical orthogonal function analysis indicates that the temporal variations are highly correlated among the sites. The correlation appears to be regional and falls off only slightly with distance. Some of this correlated noise is associated with snow accumulation on the antennas or, for those antennas with radomes, on the radomes. This problem has caused us to modify the radomes used several times, leading to one of our more significant sources of uncertainty.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
- Topic
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Field
- Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Canadian institutions
- University of Toronto
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- GeodesyGeologyPost-glacial reboundGlobal Positioning SystemTide gaugeTectonic upliftGeodetic datumDeglaciationSea levelSatellite geodesyTectonicsDeformation (meteorology)SeismologyGlacial periodGeomorphologyOceanography
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes