Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a well known history textbook which commences its account of economic transformations in England with the anticlimactic observation that Britain is an island, a fact noted by its writer to be of contextual importance, even if ‘not very original’. 1 It is no doubt just as uncontroversial to say that the advanced capitalist economies of today differ amongst themselves: Sweden is different from Canada, Germany from France, and the United States from Japan. Similarly, it would hardly excite controversy to say that the EU differs in its contested economic character from parts at least of what an able caricaturist would wish to highlight for North America, were regional rather than national state territories being compared. Debate over how best to describe and interpret such differences in economic organization within the world’s advanced capitalisms as seem not only to coexist but also to persist over time is hardly new, however much the contexts within which the debate occurs changes; but the collapse of the Soviet Union with its satellite planned economies, and the clear emergence of aggressively state-backed capitalisms in the world’s most populous nations, China and India, have given contemporary debates about differences in economic organization within mature capitalist economies a new kind of urgency and (for writers on the left) a particular kind of piquancy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.420 | 0.226 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".