Bibliographic record
Abstract
The action of diuretics on the kidney causes elimination of water along with some electrolytes , particularly sodium and potassium. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the nephron. The fluid and electrolyte balance of the body is maintained in a constant state by the automatic electronic filtration system provided by the kidney. Each human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. Each nephron is a mini filter that includes a glomerulus that contains a group of capillary blood vessels. Diuretics. Fig. 1 The nephron and the site of action of diuretics. 1 – single nephron; 2 – the kidney: one million nephrons; 3 – distal tubule site of action of aldosterone, spironolactone, and eplerenone; 4 – amiloride and triamterene; 5 – efferent arteriole; 6 – macula densa; 7 – glomerular capillaries; 8 – afferent arteriole; 9 – thiazides; 10 – loop diuretics, distal tubule; 11 – ascending limb; 12 – loop of Henle; 13 – collecting tubule; 14 – to renal pelvis; 15 – to...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.110 | 0.068 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".