Causality Links between Consumer and Producer Prices: Some Empirical Evidence
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reexamines the relationship between consumer and producer prices in the G7 countries (United States, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, and Japan), and it improves on the existing literature in two ways. First, it takes into account causality links arising from the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, which are generally overlooked. Second, it employs the causality testing method for unstable systems recently introduced by Toda and Yamamato (1995), which results in standard asymptotics, thereby obtaining valid statistical inference. The empirical results are consistent with the conventional wisdom according to which there is unidirectional causality running from producer to consumer prices, bidirectional causality (or even no significant links) only being found when the causality links reflecting the monetary transmission mechanism are ignored.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it