This issue of <i>Acta</i>

The cover figure shows a choroidal metastasis shown by Yao et al. as an electronically published letter to the editor with this issue of the journal. Yours truly along with Professor Frank Holz in Bonn discuss the lack of theoretical research and publications in ophthalmology and medicine and ask whether Einstein would have been published in ophthalmology. Acta is in the process of publishing a series of review articles on retinal blood flow technology. In this issue two review articles are published on this subject. Garhofer and the Ocular Blood Flow Research Association review the use of the retinal vessel analyzer in ocular blood flow research. In the second review paper Sugiyama and the Ocular Blood Flow Research Association describe laser speckle flowgraphy and how this has been used in ocular blood flow research. Mansour et al. in Lebanon, USA, India and Germany report a multicenter retrospective case series of retinal vascular events following intravitreal bevacizumab injections. These include central retinal arterial occlusions, branch retinal arterial occlusions and central and branch retinal vein occlusion. Konstantinidis et al. in Switzerland describe retinal pigment epithelial tears, which they found in 5% of patients following intravitreal ranibizumab injection for classic choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Delgado et al. in Portugal recorded spontaneous oscillations in choroidal blood flow in rabbits which is influenced by endothelin-1. Pueyo et al. in Spain used optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry to detect subclinical ganglion cell loss in patients with multiple sclerosis. Yeung et al. in Taiwan found a positive correlation between long term heamoglobin A1c levels and macular thickness and volume in diabetic patients without overt diabetic macular oedema. Sturm et al. in Switzerland and Canada describe retinal involvement in hemolytic uraemic syndrome. Kofoed et al. in Copenhagen describe a case of retinal ischemia following ranibizumab administration. Cui et al. in China and Denmark found adenosine receptor protein expressed in the retina, choroid and sclera in guinea pigs and suggest that they play a role in the regulation of eye growth. Berisha et al. in Austria examine whether myopia is associated with decreased choroidal blood flow. They found that pulsative ocular blood flow decreases with increasing axial length and volume. Kanthan et al. in Australia found no significant association between exogenous oestrogen exposure after menopause on the long term incidence of cataract in an elderly female population. Wang et al. in China and Sweden report that ultraviolet radiation increases opacification of the lens in rats and changes their redox balance of the lens. Carter et al. in England suggest that genetic defects in the immune system may contribute to postoperative endophthalmitis. Kaeser and Borruat in Switzerland describe a clinical test to evaluate visual function in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Gothwal et al. in Australia and Singapore question the validity of the visual function index, a questionnaire previously used to assess the outcome of cataract surgery. Takai et al. in Japan report macular edema as a sign of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. These publications are a part of this issue of Acta and are accessible on http://www.actaophthalmologica.com. Varma et al. in USA suggest that caffeine protects against cataract formation caused by selenite in rats. Carreno et al. in Spain and USA found a number of cytokines and chemokines in tear film and stress that the tear film has considerable immunological role. Yuki et al. in Japan describe increased serum antioxidants and suggest an increased oxidative stress in patients with normal tension glaucoma compared to healthy controls. Hernandez-Verdejo et al. in Spain measured the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity pressure simultaneously and suggest that measurements in the vitreous cavity are influenced by the viscosity of the vitreous gel. Biro and Schvöler in Hungary add to the observation of Tan et al. on visual sensations during cataract surgery and Dr. Tan responds.Wackernagel et al. in Austria treat retinal haemangioblastoma with systemic bevacizumab. Uhlig et al. in Germany and UK followed gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy for 15 years. Huemer et al. in Austria study viral tissue damage in human cornea in vitro. Han et al. in Korea found reduced corneal sensitivity in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Reeks and Ang in Scotland reviewed reports of ocular adverse drug reactions. Zejmo et al. in Poland found an association between high myopia and human leucocyte antigens. Yao et al. in Taiwan describe a regression of choroidal metastasis from breast carcinoma with bevacizumab injection as is also shown on the cover of the journal. Jonas and Schmidbauer in Germany treated a retinal macroaneurysm with bevacizumab. Velikay-Parel describes a new method to fix epiretinal implants. Woo et al. in Korea describe a marginal success from treating macular holes secondary to uveitis. Kandori et al. in Japan used a 25-gauge vitreous cutter to perform pupilloplasty. Forooghian et al. in USA found Gallium scintigraphy useful in investigating retinal vasculitis. Hirakata et al. in Japan show scanning electron microscopic photographs of the internal limiting membrane in patients. Wolf et al. in Germany used intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization in uveitis. Folgosa et al. in Brazil and USA combined intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema. The entire issue of Acta is available electronically on http://www.actaophthalmologica.com, which I hope the readers will enjoy in addition to the printed version.

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