Improved Oil Sweep through Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Gel Injections in the South Oregon Basin Field, Wyoming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Improved Oil Sweep through Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Gel Injections in the South Oregon Basin Field, Wyoming W. Dershowitz; W. Dershowitz Golder Associates Inc. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar D. Shuttle; D. Shuttle Golder Associates Inc. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar R. Parney R. Parney Golder Associates Inc. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 2002. Paper Number: SPE-75162-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/75162-MS Published: April 13 2002 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Dershowitz, W., Shuttle, D., and R. Parney. "Improved Oil Sweep through Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Gel Injections in the South Oregon Basin Field, Wyoming." Paper presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 2002. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/75162-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference Search Advanced Search AbstractGel injection is used with water injection in fractured and heterogeneous reservoirs to decrease water production and improve the oil sweep efficiency. Gel treatments are able to achieve this because the gel is preferentially deposited to the most conductive fractures, blocking the water flow through those structures, and forcing to water to displace oil from the rock matrix instead.This paper describes discrete fracture network (DFN) analyses and simulations of gel injection at the South Oregon Basin, Wyoming Phosphoria formation. These simulations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of gel injection in improving water injection strategies.IntroductionThe effectiveness of water flood strategies for formation pressure maintenance depends on the ability of the injected water to displace oil from the rock matrix, rather than flowing directly to producing wells via short circuits through the fracture network. Water flood performance is thus directly controlled by the geometry and properties of fracture network between injection and production wells. These fractures are modeled explicitly in the discrete feature network (DFN) approach (Dershowitz, 1984; Long, 1983).This paper presents simulations and analyses of gel injection for the South Oregon Basin, Wyoming Phosphoria (Embar) formation reservoir (Fig. 1). The South Oregon Basin is an important reservoir, producing over 83 million bbl of oil to date. The South Oregon Basin produces from several units. Phosphoria formation is a major producing unit, and is considered by many as the source rock for the other units.The Phosphoria has been under water flood since the 1960's. The current water injection strategy results in over 95% water cuts and poor oil sweep, with an estimated 80% oil saturation remaining in the rock matrix. It is hoped that gel injection will improve oil sweep while reducing the water cut.Discrete Fracture Network ModelThe Phosphoria formation of the Oregon Basin, also referred to as the Embar, is an interbedded sequence of gray, finely crystalline, vuggy limestone and light bluish gray dolomite from an interval of both Triassic and Permian strata (Walton 1947). The Phosphoria has moderate matrix permeability, but the significant structural deformation to which the reservoir units have been subjected has also resulted in significant fracturing. This fracturing is heterogeneously connected, with some areas exhibiting little fracture percolation while other areas see significant large-scale fracture connectivity. Keywords: water injection, gel penetration, upstream oil & gas, connaghan 13, shuttle, dershowitz, injection, dfn model, hydraulic fracturing, rock matrix Subjects: Hydraulic Fracturing, Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs, Waterflooding, Naturally-fractured reservoirs This content is only available via PDF. 2002. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".