Well Testing of Tight Gas Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Advances in technology, strong energy prices and declining reserves in conventional gas reservoirs are encouraging oil and gas companies to consider the feasibility of exploiting large reserves trapped in tight (low permeability) gas reservoirs. Conventional well tests conducted on these low permeability gas formations, generally result in poor estimates of key reservoir parameters such as: initial reservoir pressure, permeability, effective fracture length, fracture conductivity, and deliverability potential. The objective of this paper is to review the different types of tests that are particularly applicable to tight gas formations, discuss why the traditional methods of testing and analysis rarely succeed, and identify appropriate test and analysis procedures for tight gas reservoirs. We will consider short-term tests where the primary objective is to obtain the initial reservoir pressure, with a secondary objective of determining permeability and skin. Perforation Inflow Tests, Fracture-Calibration Tests, and Formation Flow Tests will be considered. The applicability of these tests will be shown using synthetic and actual field cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".