Numerical Investigation on Hydraulic Fracture Cleanup and Its Impact on the Productivity of a Gas Well With a Non-Newtonian Fluid Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical Investigation on Hydraulic Fracture Cleanup and Its Impact on the Productivity of a Gas Well With a Non-Newtonian Fluid Model T. Friedel T. Friedel Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, May 2006. Paper Number: SPE-99445-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/99445-MS Published: May 15 2006 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Friedel, T. "Numerical Investigation on Hydraulic Fracture Cleanup and Its Impact on the Productivity of a Gas Well With a Non-Newtonian Fluid Model." Paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, May 2006. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/99445-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Unconventional Resources Conference / Gas Technology Symposium Search Advanced Search Abstract To exploit the substantial tight-gas resources worldwide, hydraulic fracturing is, for many cases, economically a viable option. However, despite the state of the art techniques such as multiple fracturing of horizontal wellbores, the gas recovery from these reservoirs is frequently unsatisfactory. Poor reservoir rock quality, strong stress dependency in permeability, hydraulic and mechanical damage caused by the fracturing process and inertial non-Darcy flow effects were considered to be key parameters for poor performance in previous studies. A further one, related to the cleanup of the cross-linked fracturing fluid with its non-Newtonian characteristics, was rarely taken into account before and is the subject of the current paper.For this purpose, an enhanced three-phase cleanup numerical model is developed. A generalised non-Newtonian fluid flow model for porous media is derived and implemented in a reservoir simulator, capturing the yield stress of common polymer gel.The model is applied to typical cleanup scenarios. Using the model, it can be shown that the residing, non-recoverable gel (typically 50%) decreases the fracture conductivity and, hence, the production potential of a fractured gas well. This coincides with experiences in the field where these parameters are frequently lower than anticipated. Results of the study further indicate that within the fracture, gel saturations gradually increase towards the fracture tips. Contrary to the assumption made in analytical studies, there is no sharp interface between the residual gel and the reservoir fluids after the cleanup. The new non-Newtonian fluid flow implementation allows for more detailed investigations of fracture cleanup processes and, hence, an improved understanding of formation damage processes in fractured wells. Furthermore, the model enables the design of more successful fracture treatments in tight-gas reservoirs. Keywords: Modeling & Simulation, drilling fluid chemistry, flow in porous media, drilling fluids and materials, fracturing materials, drilling fluid property, proppant, Fluid Dynamics, gas rate, fracturing fluid Subjects: Drilling Fluids and Materials, Hydraulic Fracturing, Fluid Characterization, Reservoir Fluid Dynamics, Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties), Fracturing materials (fluids, proppant), Fluid modeling, equations of state, Flow in porous media Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".