Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor; The term ‘weaning’ has two definitions: to accustom a child or animal to take food otherwise than by nursing; and to detach from a source of dependence (1). I am concerned that the CPS position statement, published in the Journal’s May issue, uses both definitions of the term ‘weaning’, thus decreasing its clarity. In the context of infant feeding, the term ‘weaning’ is best and most commonly used to describe the active process initiated by mother or baby to stop breastfeeding. When weaning is mother-led, the mother will delay and/or defer feedings at the breast and increase baby’s formula or cow’s milk intake. When baby-led, weaning is gradual and extremely rare before one year of age. The breastfeeding recommendation from the WHO Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding (2), endorsed by the CPS, does not use the term ‘weaning’ in conjunction with normal infant feeding recommendations. The 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics statement ‘Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk’ (3) not only outlines the role of the paediatrician with regard to breastfeeding but also states that breastfeeding “should be considered a public health issue and not only a lifestyle choice.”
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".