Editorial

Controversial as they may be, recent political developments in the European refugee crisis have offered some breathing space for those on the management front lines. The flows of refugees and other migrants from Turkey into Europe by way of Greece have slowed markedly, and although one might be forgiven for expecting to see this human traffic shift trajectories, perhaps back through Lampedusa, the discussion for now has relaxed somewhat and in some countries has turned to matters of integration. Attending to the long-run effects of this large-scale migration is welcome, and much of it concerns the labour market, particularly in Germany where so many of the migrants completed their journeys. The integration of migrants into labour markets is highly complex but discussions are often dominated by considerations of the migrants' language abilities, the recognition of their qualifications, how their incomes compare with those of nationals, and whether their rights are adequately respected. Although these are unquestionably of great importance to labour market integration, there are many more nuances, and this issue of International Migration will explore some of them. Edwin Meléndez, M. Anne Visser, Abel Valenzuela Jr. and Nik Theodore explore whether day labourers' elevated wages, used as compensating incentives for high risk work in the United States, increase the frequency of workplace injuries and warrant government policy protections. We all know that money talks; but does it speak too loudly here? We shift from concerns about the well-being of those in low-skilled risky employment to the less-often considered well-being of the high-skilled who are usually seen as at a much lower risk of poorer integration. Micheline van Riemsdijk, Scott Basford and Alana Burnham found, however, that this is not always the case, and they offer suggestions for how non-state actors including employers can contribute to the socio-cultural integration of those at the higher-skills end of the spectrum. Finding one's place in the labour market of a country of destination is not the only integration concern for migrant workers. Those workers returning to their homelands, perhaps with higher skill levels than they left with, can find a less-than-smooth transition to the labour market. Egidijus Barcevičius explores how returning high-skilled Lithuanians fare back home and whether they intend to stay for long. Why people move and to where is a growing area of research interest. We have long-surmised that higher levels of human capital increase one's mobility, and César Rodríguez-Gutiérrez and Juan Francisco Canal-Domínguez show us how foreign language skills affect people's motivations to migrate as well as their choice of destination. Also looking at the motivations to move in this issue are Saime Ozcurumez and Deniz Yetkin Aker who compare the motives of Turks who moved to Germany with those who moved to Canada. It's more than the money, they discover. Maintaining our focus on Canada, Garnett Picot, Feng Hou and Hanqing Qiu look at the recent income performance of those selected to come to Canada through its celebrated points system, which strongly favours high human capital. Although they find that those selected in this way fare better than others, they also find that a good amount of patience is required by both the migrants and those who administer the policy. Australia has long been Canada's main competitor in the selection system contest, with both countries continually refining their systems for ever greater advantage. Asad Islam and Jaai Parasnis offer the results of a study into which of the immigrants' human capital characteristics are currently best rewarded in the Australian labour market. It is always good to be reminded that labour migrants, regardless of skill level, are fully human beings. Karin Amit and Shirly Bar-Lev look at the how French migrants in French-speaking companies in Israel develop their transnational identities, which combine aspects of francophone, Jewish, and Israeli identities, but do not necessarily rely upon a proficient use of Hebrew. Which is more responsive to shifts in the demand for labour: government policy or market forces themselves? In looking at US attempts to manage irregular migration, Fabrizio Costantino finds just how quickly irregular migration flows respond to the changing winds of demand for labour. Our final article on the nuances of labour migration looks at the panoply of factors determining flows to South Korea, a newer entrant to the immigration arena and with forceful demographic motives. Ador Torneo looks at contemporary labour migration to Korea but with the added twist of the role of marriage migration in this evolving situation. As migrant populations grow along with provisions for their rights in many countries, their political participation, not only in their destination country but in their homelands, grows too. Djordje Sredanovic looks at an innovation in the province of Bologna to give a political voice to non-EU migrants. And with all eyes on Turkey these days, we close this issue with Zeynep Şahin-Mencütek's and M. Murat Erdoğan's examination of Turkish emigres' voting in the 2014 national election, the first in which emigres were permitted to cast a vote from abroad. How this came about is a fascinating tale in itself.

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