Volatile organic compound diffusion and sorption coefficients for a needle-punched GCL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Test apparatus designed to examine volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion through geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are described, together with procedures for evaluating the relevant diffusion and sorption parameters. Test results show that the rate of contaminant migration proceeded through the hydrated GCL in the decreasing order of DCM and DCA > benzene > TCE and toluene. This was attributed to varying degrees of sorption of DCA, benzene, TCE and toluene to the geotextile component of the GCL as well as to the bentonite present in the GCL. Diffusion coefficients deduced from VOC diffusion testing conducted on the GCLs at confining pressures lower than approximately 10 kPa range from 2 × 10 –10 m 2 /s to 3 × 10 –10 m 2 /s. This is generally lower than those reported in the literature for compacted clay liner materials. Assessments of the environmental protection afforded by a landfill liner require that all underlying soil and geosynthetics components be considered in landfill contaminant migration assessments. The results in this paper provide some of the first published data for laboratory GCL diffusion and sorption coefficients, required to perform contaminant migration assessments for five VOC contaminants commonly found in municipal solid waste leachate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".