Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter explains the first commercialised transistors, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) developed in the 1950s at Bell Labs and the junction field-effect transistor (JFET) developed about 10 years later. It also explains the I-V curves for a p-n junction illuminated by a light source. The chapter explores how the reverse saturation current of a p-n junction is increased by the optical generation of minority carriers at or near the depletion region. It expresses that a controllable concentration of minority holes can be electrically produced in the n-type material of the reverse-biased p-n junction. The JFET is also built on the basis of the p-n junction, but its operating principle is quite different from that of a BJT. Today's electronics industry is dominated by digital electronics and the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET) serves almost all of this market. The BJT, in particular, is widely used as a discrete transistor component.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".