Spondyloarthritis research consortium of canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a feasible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring system for spinal inflammation in patients with spondylarthropathy that requires minimal scan time, does not require contrast enhancement, evaluates the extent of lesions in 3 dimensional planes, and limits the number of vertebral levels that are scored because MRI demonstrates characteristic inflammatory lesions in the spine of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) prior to the development of typical features on plain radiographic. METHODS: Our scoring method was based entirely on the assessment of increased signal denoting bone marrow edema on T2-weighted STIR sequences. Blinded MRI films were assessed in random order at 2 sites by 3 blinded readers at each of the 2 sites (the Universities of Alberta and Toronto). Intra- and interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. The 24-week response of patients with AS randomized to infliximab:placebo (8:3) was assessed by effect size and standardized response mean. RESULTS: An initial analysis of all discovertebral units (DVUs) in the spine of 11 patients demonstrated a mean of 3.2 (95% confidence interval 3.2, 5.2) affected units, while limiting the scoring to a maximum of 6 units captured most of the affected units. We scanned 11 patients with AS with clinically active disease and 20 additional patients randomized to a 24-week trial of either infliximab or placebo. Intraobserver reproducibility for the 6-DVU STIR score ranged from 0.93 to 0.98 (P < 0.0001). Interobserver reproducibility of scores by readers from both sites was 0.79 (P < 0.0001) for status score and 0.82 (P < 0.0001) for change score. Analysis of pretreatment and posttreatment scores for all 20 patients randomized to infliximab/placebo showed a large degree of responsiveness (standardized response mean = 0.87). Reproducibility and responsiveness were only slightly improved by using contrast enhancement with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. CONCLUSION: The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI index is a feasible, reproducible, and responsive index for measuring spinal inflammation in AS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".