Germination of seeds of big and bottlebrush squirreltail
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bottlebrush squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey] and big squirreltail [E. multisetus (J. G. Smith) Burtt Davy] are short-lived perennial bunchgrasses found on rangelands from the Pacific Coast to the Great Plains and from Canada to Mexico. They are highly variable species with several subspecies described for bottlebrush squirreltail. In many rangeland communities, bottlebrush squirreltail is the transitional dominant native grass in secondary successional communities. There is considerable interest in using squirreltail species in rangeland restoration seedings, but problems with seed collection (disarticulating rachis) have kept seed prices very high. Recently, grass geneticists have begun to develop lines of squirreltail for release as pre-varietal germplasm. Our purpose was to compare the germination at a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures of squirreltail seeds from developmental lines and material collected from native stands. Big and bottlebrush squirreltail seeds (caryopses) germinated over a wide range of temperatures. Seeds of bottlebrush squirreltail produced from the same stand in 3 different years had remarkably similar germination temperature profiles. The greatest variation in germination among accessions occurred at very cold and cold categories of seedbed temperatures. These differences may be very significant in the establishment of seedlings in the field. There was no one temperature regime that always supported optimum germination for all of the squirreltail accessions tested. The regimes most frequently supporting optimum germination were 15/20 and 15/25 degrees C. The seeds of big and bottlebrush squirreltail tested do not have the ecological amplitude of seeds of the competitive exotic weed cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), but they come close.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".