Analysis and Design of a Rotary Travelling-Wave Oscillator for Integration in a Microwave Phased-Array Transmitter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design methodology and phase noise analysis of a multiphase bipolar Ku-band Rotary Travelling-Wave Oscillator (RTWO) is presented.Lack of symmetry in an RTWO can result in oscillation in an unwanted mode rather than travelling-wave mode.In order to determine the oscillation mode and also measure the phase shift, we have proposed a frequency domain phase shift measurement technique, intended for an 18 GHz RTWO, which is presented.Using a 0.25 µm BiCMOS process from NXP Semiconductors, the fabricated RTW-VCO gives access to eight different phases in steps of 45 degrees and achieves a tuning range of 1.2 GHz centred at 17.5 GHz.A beam-forming technique that utilizes the RTWO for LO phase shifting is also presented.In order to configure a two-element-array transmitter to show the functionality of an RTWO for beam-forming, we have designed and characterized a high frequency distribution network, a switching bank, a power amplifier (PA) and also a patch antenna.All of these components, except the antennas, have been integrated on a single, 19 mm 2 , silicon die along with the RTWO.The measurement of the full system is performed with the aid of two off-chip antennas fabricated on a high frequency printed circuit board.The combined system is fully functional and the measurement results are provided.This research demonstrates the relevance of the RTWO for integration in phased-array transmitter systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".