Effect of Axial Deformation Caused by Torsion on a Solid Steel Cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Equations describing the classical theory of applied torsion and axial rotation on a solid cylindrical shaft have been modified by Shirali and Hossain (2019) to derive new theorems, which can take into consideration axial deformation of members. The modified theorems use various empirical parameters to introduce the combined effect of axial force, axial displacement and axial rotation, which is neglected in classical theorems of torsion. Multiple finite element analysis models for solid steel cylindrical members, fixed at one end and subjected to torsion at its free end, were developed to study the effects of torsional loading. The effect of axial deformation/stress developed in the cylinder is analyzed and compared with values predicted by classical and proposed modified theorems (equations). It is shown that the cylinder can shorten or elongate when subjected to torsion. The proposed theorems/equations, based on axial deformation subjected to torsion, provide more accurate predictions of shear stress and axial rotation (angle of twist).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".