LECTURER IN NORTH AMERICA AND DEFENDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE (SEPTEMBER 1919–DECEMBER 1925)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On 13 September 1919, Emmeline arrived in New York on the White Star liner Adriatic. ‘The great work confronting the women now is the suppression of Bolshevism’, she told the press, ‘and this is one of the principal reasons for my tour of Canada and the United States.’ For the preservation of the peace of the world, she urged an immediate alliance be formed openly by the three democracies of England, France and the United States.1 ‘Parlour Bolshevism’, she suggested, ‘seems to be quite prevalent here. Men and women during the war were awakened as never before to an interest in labor conditions and received many false ideas. They fell victims to the Bolshevist propaganda … [and] were reached through their best side – their sympathy with the workers.’ But the Bolsheviks were undemocratic and did not represent the working class as a whole but only those members who agreed with their doctrines. Through a form of class domination, they sought to impose their views on society. ‘[I]t is incumbent on us all’, insisted Emmeline, ‘to defend Christian civilization.’2 As Mitchell notes, Emmeline was ploughing no lone furrow since America was at the height of an hysterical red scare, whipped up by industrialists and financiers who were determined to undermine militant unionism. But Emmeline’s message of social service to the community, of the importance of reconstruction after the war, of the critical role of democracy, was intended just as much for the wealthy as for the poorer and unionised sections of society.3 With such words, reminiscent of the defunct Women’s Party, Emmeline began her tour in earnest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.072 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".