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GHANA: <i>Susu</i> Collectors

2006· article· en· W4256408084 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueAfrica Research Bulletin Economic Financial and Technical Series · 2006
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAfrican history and culture studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCitationLibrary scienceAdvertisingPolitical scienceComputer scienceBusiness

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

445m to Japan; $66m to Switzerland; $1.6bn to France; $20m to Portugal; $45m to The Netherlands; $225m to Belgium; $54.3m to Denmark; $369m to Austria; $690m to Spain; $255m to Canada; $92m to Sweden; $15.6m to Norway; $11.8m to Finland and $202m to Britain.Algeria now needs to negotiate with the London Club for a sovereign debt owed to commercial banks worth $800m, while continuing to pay off its debt servicing to multilateral institutions.These efforts will certainly ease Algeria's overall debt repayment significantly.By the end of 2006, Algeria's debt will have fallen to $5bn.The country halted all borrowing in 2005 after two decades of massive debt repayment.Indeed from 1985 to 2005, Algeria reimbursed a massive $117.9bn, with the interests alone amounting to $34bn.Thanks to high oil prices and continued growth in petroleum revenue, the repayment of $5bn remaining debt by the end of the year will mean it will represent less than 4% of GDP or 10% of 2006 exports.This, says the North African Journal, is a manageable volume.(North African Jour- nal 9/9) Paris Club pay-back p. 16972

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.923
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0030.003
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.274
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2006
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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