Bibliographic record
Abstract
Survival in extreme environments requires drastic changes to animals' physiology and biochemistry, requiring many animals to decrease their metabolic rate.Enzymes are the mediators of metabolic functions and their regulation is critical to surviving these conditions.This thesis explores the properties of a key enzyme of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase (PK), in the freeze tolerant wood frog (Rana sylvatica), the anoxia tolerant snail (Littorina littorea) and the hibernating ground squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii).The studies showed that temperature, allosteric effectors and other local environmental conditions play a role in regulating pyruvate kinase in response to freezing, anoxia and during hibernation.Furthermore, reversible protein phosphorylation appears to be a common regulatory mechanism of PK by reducing the activity of the enzyme in all three animals.Together, these studies show that PK is a common regulatory target of animals surviving in extreme conditions and that multiple regulatory mechanisms, especially protein phosphorylation, contribute to its regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".