ENDOTHELIAL SELECTINS AND PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE IN FEMALE AEROBIC ATHLETES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exercise-induced mechanical and/or chemically mediated pulmonary endothelial dysfunction may contribute to gas exchange impairment. Endothelial activation may be reflected in plasma levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin. Therefore, these selectins were measured by enzyme immunoassay in fourteen habitually active, eumenorrheic female subjects (mean ± SD: age = 28.9 ± 5.51; VO2peak = 49.4 ± 8.2 ml·kg−1·min−1, range 32.3 to 63.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; TLC = 5.41 ± 0.68 L, 101 ± 9.3% predicted) before and after an incremental maximal exercise test during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Arterial PO2 was measured during exercise and corrected for esophageal temperature. Gas exchange efficiency was maintained at peak exercise in ten subjects, while decrements in PaO2 > 1.3 kilopascals were seen in three of the remaining four subjects. One subject displayed a minimal %SaO2 of 94% and was included in the mild hypoxemia group. Maximum likelihood ANOVA showed significant differences between groups averaged over time for PaO2 (p < 0.01) and %SaO2 (p = 0.04), while the group by time interaction for the (ideal) A-aDO2 approached significance (p = 0.07). Averaged over time, alveolar PO2, arterial PCO2, pH and temperature were not significantly different between groups. Plasma concentrations of soluble E-selectin were not significantly different before or after exercise (p = 0.16), but plasma concentrations of P-selectin rose significantly (mean increase ± SD; 21.5 ± 24.8 ng·mL−1, p = 0.007). No significant grop by time interaction was noted in pre-post exercise concentrations of either E-selectin (p = 0.74) or P-selectin (p = 0.42) between subjects who demonstrated normal gas exchange and subjects who displayed mild to moderate exercise-induced gas exchange impairment. The correlation between absolute and relative change in soluble E- and P-selectin, and VO2peak and maximal A-aDO2 was not significant, nor was the correlation between minimal exercise PaO2 and either absolute (r = 0.16, p = 0.61) or relative (r = 0.18, p = 0.57) change in soluble E-selectin. However, absolute change in plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin was significantly correlated with minimal PaO2 (r = −0.60, p = 0.04), while the correlation between the relative change in P-selectin and minimal PaO2 approached significance (r = −0.46, p = 0.14). The increase in plasma P-selectin induced by heavy exercise may represent platelet and/or endothelial activation. Correlation with impairment of arterial oxygenation is compatible with the hypothesis that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction may occur during intense exercise in some habitually active female subjects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".