Release of nitrogen during thermochemical conversion of <scp>S</scp>henhua bituminous coal under <scp>Ar</scp>, <scp>CO<sub>2</sub></scp>, and air atmospheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Coal thermochemical conversion processes unavoidably generate gaseous pollutants, endangering the environment or influencing synthetic processes downstream. In order to display the differences in release behaviours of nitrogen among different coal thermochemical conversion stages, the nitrogen release characteristics of Shenhua bituminous coal under Ar, CO2, and air atmospheres were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and thermogravimetry‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS). Results indicate that the reaction atmosphere has an important influence on nitrogen release. The total released mass of nitrogen when using 100 g raw coal in the whole experiment under Ar, CO2, and air atmospheres is 0.54, 0.64, and 0.75 g, respectively. The organic forms of nitrogen in raw coal and coal char are pyridine nitrogen (N‐6), pyrrole nitrogen (N‐5), quaternary nitrogen (N‐Q), and nitrogen oxide (N‐X). While in the coal ash, the sub‐peaks of N‐Q and N‐X disappear entirely, leaving only N‐5 and N‐6 sub‐peaks. The released nitrogen‐containing gas consists of NH3, HCN, NO, and NO2 during experiments in CO2 and air atmospheres. However, only NH3 and HCN are detected during experiments in the Ar atmosphere. The revolution characteristics of NH3 and HCN under Ar and CO2 atmospheres are similar.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".