Cytogeography of Solidago sect. Multiradiatae (Asteraceae: Astereae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chromosome numbers are reported for 35 individuals of one of three species of Solidago L. sect. Multiradiatae (Semple) Semple & J. B. Beck from Canada and the United States: S. multiradiata Aiton. Identifications of nearly all vouchers for 101 previously published counts for S. leiocarpa DC., S. multiradiata, and S. spithamaea M. A. Curtis ex A. Gray were confirmed or revised following the delimitation of the section by Semple and Beck (2021). Diploids 2n = 18 occur over much of the range of S. multiradiata with tetraploids occurring in some areas of the range but unknown from others. The two narrowly distributed high Appalachian Mountains species are both polyploid: S. leiocarpa is tetraploid 2n = 36 in New Hampshire, and S. spithamaea is hexaploid 2n = 54 in North Carolina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".