Rheological multi-scale evaluation of RAP and RAS binders mobilisation in hot mix asphalt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) in asphalt mixes is a constructive solution allowing economic, environmental and technical benefits. The objective here is evaluating the binder mobilisation rate of recycled materials by predicting the viscoelastic (LVE) behaviour of the asphalts from the LVE of their theoretical binder. The multi-scale approach adopted here goes from the binder scale to the mix scale. At the binder scale, after the extraction/recovery of RAP and RAS binders, several bitumen blends were produced and characterised by conventional and rheological tests. At the asphalt scale, the LVE behaviour of several mixes containing RAP and RAS was characterised using complex modulus test. Then, Shift-Homothety-Shift-time-Shift-transformation (SHStS) was applied allowing verifying the correspondence degree between the experimental behaviour and the predicted one. The results confirm that the totality of the RAP binder was mobilised and up to 50% in the case of RAS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".