Frequency Analysis of Water Electrolysis Current Fluctuations in a PEM Flow Cell: Insights into Bubble Nucleation and Detachment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A cross-shaped transparent electrolysis flow cell was designed to simultaneously perform polarization experiments to about 2 A cm−2while monitoring the current response due to bubble formation and detachment. The flow cell was designed in order to accommodate a large electrolyte flow and have flow conditions similar to a PEM electrolyzer. Ir foil experiments using rapid electrochemical cycling techniques were performed first as a quality control measure for cell functionality. Literature quality cyclic voltammograms were obtained, with the anodically formed iridium oxide film growth plateauing after 1000 cycles. The performance of four different Ti current collector meshes were evaluated using a commercial IrO2CCM using 3.5 M H2SO4at 21 ± 0.5°C. The best performing current collector mesh had the largest triple-phase boundary (TPB) length of 56 mm and a porosity of 52%. Using Fourier Transform analysis, the bubble ratios for different current collector and frequency regimes were obtained. The lowest frequency bubble analysis (< 1 Hz) showed the best correlation with the performance of the different meshes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".