Self-Emergence of Robust Micro Cavity-Solitons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In many disciplines, states that emerge in open systems far from equilibrium are determined by a few global parameters1,2. These states can often mimic thermodynamic equilibrium, and a classic example of this is the oscillation threshold of a laser3, which resembles a phase transition in condensed matter. However, many relevant classes of states cannot form spontaneously in dissipative systems, and this is the case for cavity-solitons2 that generally need to be induced by external perturbations, as in the case of optical memories4,5. In the last decade, these highly localised states have enabled significant advancements in microresonator-based optical frequency combs6,7. However, the very advantages that make cavity-solitons attractive for memories – their inability to form spontaneously from noise – have created fundamental challenges. To be reliable sources, microcombs require the essential features of starting laser oscillation naturally, spontaneously and reliably, and of operating in a desired specific state that is intrinsically robust. Largely because of the intrinsic nature of cavity-solitons, these goals have remained elusive8–20. Here, we show that slow nonlinearities of a free-running microresonator-filtered fibre laser21 can transform temporal cavity-solitons into the dominant attractor of the system. This phenomenon leads to reliable self-starting oscillation of (single and multiple) micro cavity-solitons that, in addition, are naturally robust to perturbations, recovering spontaneously even after a complete disruption. These emerge repeatably and controllably into a large region of the global system parameter space, where specific states can be achieved, and which we show are highly stable over long timeframes. These features are all critically needed for the practical implementation of microcombs outside the laboratory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".