RETRACTED: Alkali-activated fly ash concrete with untreated coal aggregate: Fresh- and hardened state properties
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Post-publication record
- Nature
- Retraction
- Reason
- Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;False/Forged Authorship;Falsification/Fabrication of Data;Falsification/Fabrication of Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Author;Manipulation of Images;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;
- Date
- 6/20/2023 0:00
- Flagged by OpenAlex?
- Yes
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement — it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Abstract
The alkali-activated materials found in agricultural and industrial waste have less carbon impact on concrete production. This study intends to use unprocessed charcoal gravel (UCG) and unprocessed charcoal fine gravel (UCFG) appropriately as a substitution of normal gravel stack to manufacture self-consolidated construction material (SCCM). The SCCM contains pulverized fuel ash (PFA), two different alkalis- NaOH and Na2SiO3 as alkali activator, and superplasticizer (SP). The measured features are density, workability, air content, mechanical stresses, modulus of elasticity, gas-based, water-based, and chloride-based endurance, resistivity of electrical power and strength of acid on ten different SCCM mixes in the work. In the mixes, the stack of normal gravel was substituted with the stack of unprocessed charcoal gravel at ten contents in terms of volume: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. In addition to the measured features, new math models were suggested to estimate the durability and mechanical features of SCCM produced with different stack of unprocessed charcoal gravel. It was shown with the results that the SCCM features were developed significantly by substituting of 20% normal gravel stack with unprocessed charcoal gravel stack. In addition, the suggested math models could obtain to estimate accurately the features of SCCM containing PFA, alkalis, unprocessed charcoal gravel, and superplasticizer.
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The record
- Venue
- Case Studies in Construction Materials
- Topic
- Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Field
- Engineering
- Canadian institutions
- McMaster University
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- CharcoalMaterials scienceSuperplasticizerAggregate (composite)Fly ashStack (abstract data type)CoalWaste managementComposite materialPulp and paper industryMetallurgyCementEngineering
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes