Nonindigenous Aquatic Mollusks in Illinois
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nonindigenous aquatic species (NAS), some of which are referred to as aquatic invasive species (AIS) or non-native aquatic species, are those aquatic organisms that have become established beyond their native ranges. They often inhabit a variety of habitats and physicochemical conditions, reach high densities, and alter ecosystem function. Understanding the distribution of nonindigenous aquatic species is vital to protecting native biodiversity in invaded ecosystems. A search of museum collections, literature accounts, and field surveys conducted in recent years by biologists from the Illinois Natural History Survey, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and other agencies revealed 13 nonindigenous aquatic mollusk species reported to occur in Illinois. Ten species (five bivalves and five gastropods) have viable reproducing populations. One species, the Big-eared Radix Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), is no longer extant in Illinois, and two species, the European Stream Valvata Valvata piscinalis (Müller, 1774) and European Fingernail Clam Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758), have an unknown status. Some species, such as the Basket Clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), and Chinese Mysterysnail Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833), are widespread and abundant. However, other species like the Mottled Fingernail Clam Eupera cubensis (Prime, 1865) and New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) are currently restricted to a particular location or drainage. Other nonindigenous aquatic mollusks with the potential for becoming established in Illinois or border waters are also discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".