Serum Inflammatory Markers and Progression of Nonmotor Symptoms in Early Parkinson's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The influence of peripheral inflammation on nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore whether serum inflammatory marker profiles are associated with the progression of NMSs in early PD. METHODS: We included 45 patients with early PD and 20 healthy control subjects. Six inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, were measured. NMSs were assessed using the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 at baseline and after 3 years. RESULTS: Principal component (PC) analysis showed that only PC3 scores, mainly loaded by IL-2 and IL-6, were significantly elevated in the PD group compared with the control group. Higher PC3 scores in the PD group were associated with faster progression of Non-Motor Symptoms Scale total and mood/apathy domain scores. There were no significant associations of PC scores with Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 score changes. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral inflammation may be related to the evolution of NMSs, particularly mood symptoms, in the early stages of PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".