Electron Transfer Kinetics in Ethaline/Water Mixtures: An Apparent Non‐Marcus Behavior in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Effects of water on the charge‐transfer (CT) kinetics in deep eutectics solvents (DES) have been investigated in ethaline (1 : 2 choline chloride+ethylene glycol), taken as a prototypical example of a hydrophilic DES. Standard heterogeneous CT rate constants k s were measured for two redox couples: 1,1’‐ferrocene‐dimethanol/1,1’‐ferrocenium‐dimethanol and ferro‐/ferricyanide on a glassy carbon electrode in ethaline as function of the water amount in the DES. Contrarily to the behavior reported in classical solvents and in apparent contradiction with the Marcus Theory, k s values show very little or no variation with the amount of water in the DES or the changes of viscosities or diffusion coefficients that are observed. This unexpected phenomenon is discussed as function of the known physical‐chemistry parameters of ethaline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".