Electron Transfer Kinetics in Ethaline/Water Mixtures: An Apparent Non‐Marcus Behavior in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Effects of water on the charge‐transfer (CT) kinetics in deep eutectics solvents (DES) have been investigated in ethaline (1 : 2 choline chloride+ethylene glycol), taken as a prototypical example of a hydrophilic DES. Standard heterogeneous CT rate constants k s were measured for two redox couples: 1,1’‐ferrocene‐dimethanol/1,1’‐ferrocenium‐dimethanol and ferro‐/ferricyanide on a glassy carbon electrode in ethaline as function of the water amount in the DES. Contrarily to the behavior reported in classical solvents and in apparent contradiction with the Marcus Theory, k s values show very little or no variation with the amount of water in the DES or the changes of viscosities or diffusion coefficients that are observed. This unexpected phenomenon is discussed as function of the known physical‐chemistry parameters of ethaline.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it