Hemostasis and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be defined as the progressive loss of renal function, characterized by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The etiology of CKD in childhood is mainly associated with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) and with glomerular diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate the hemostasis and oxidative stress in pediatric CKD of different etiologies. Fifty-four CKD children and adolescents and 52 controls were enrolled in this study. The evaluation of hemostasis was carried out by determination of D-dimer (D-Di) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) plasma levels, while oxidative stress was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, protein carbonyl content, plasma antioxidant capacity (MTT), and ascorbate. The D-Di was increased in CAKUT stage 3 or 4 patients compared with those with glomerular disease. PAI-1 was increased in patients with glomerular disease compared with CAKUT. Carbonyl protein content was higher in the control group compared with glomerular disease stage 3 or 4 patients. Our findings showed that the reduction in GFR is associated with a state of hypercoagulability. The analysis of integrated networks showed an expansion of connections among hemostatic and oxidative stress markers in CKD children and adolescents compared with controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".