Laser Direct Writing of Silver Clusters‐Based Subwavelength Periodic Structures Embedded in Mid‐Infrared Gallo‐Germanate Glass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The direct laser writing (DLW) using femtosecond lasers allows for the inscription of 3D microstructures embedded inside optical materials. Based solely on the silver ions photochemistry, the DLW in silver‐containing glasses enables to locally induce inside glasses a unique combination of optical properties. The physical modifications of the material encompass not only a refractive index change, but also new physical properties like fluorescence, second‐ and third‐harmonic generations, and surface plasmon resonance. Numerous efforts are deployed to develop the DLW‐assisted silver photochemistry in phosphate glasses. However, this glass family is suffering from its near‐infrared optical cutoff as opposed to the silver‐doped gallo‐germanate glasses. With an extended mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) transmission, these glasses are synthesized via the melt‐quenching technique. Depending on the glass composition, either a glass matrix‐based single track (Type I) or a silver cluster‐based double track (Type A) of refractive index change is produced. By enabling an order of magnitude smaller structures than with Type I, Type A modification is further expanded to embed, for the first time, periodic structures below the inter‐track spacing. Demonstrated with a pitch down to 400 nm, these Type A–based periodic structures bring new insights through the fabrication of 3D diffractive gratings in mid‐IR glasses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".