Seasonal Changes in the Vertical Structure of Ozone in the Martian Lower Atmosphere and Its Relationship to Water Vapor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The mid‐infrared channel of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS MIR) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter is capable of observing the infrared absorption of ozone (O 3 ) in the atmosphere of Mars. During solar occulations, the 003←000 band (3,000‐3,060 cm −1 ) is observed with spectral sampling of ∼0.045 cm −1 . Around the equinoxes in both hemispheres and over the southern winters, we regularly observe around 200–500 ppbv of O 3 below 30 km. The warm southern summers, near perihelion, produce enough atmospheric moisture that O 3 is not detectable at all, and observations are rare even at high northern latitudes. During the northern summers, water vapor is restricted to below 10 km, and an O 3 layer (100–300 ppbv) is visible between 20 and 30 km. At this same time, the aphelion cloud belt forms, condensing water vapor and allowing O 3 to build up between 30 and 40 km. A comparison to vertical profiles of water vapor and temperature in each season reveals that water vapor abundance is controlled by atmospheric temperature, and H 2 O and O 3 are anti‐correlated as expected. When the atmosphere cools, over time or over altitude, water vapor condenses (observed as a reduction in its mixing ratio) and the production of odd hydrogen species is reduced, which allows O 3 to build up. Conversely, warmer temperatures lead to water vapor enhancements and ozone loss. The LMD Mars Global Climate Model is able to reproduce vertical structure and seasonal changes of temperature, H 2 O, and O 3 that we observe. However, the observed O 3 abundance is larger by factors between 2 and 6, indicating important differences in the rate of odd‐hydrogen photochemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".