CT anatomy of cervical vertebrae of Asian elephant ( <i>Elephas maximus</i> )
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Elephants are currently the largest mammals on earth. A comprehensive examination of the anatomy of this animal to diagnose various disorders is required. In addition, due to the heavy head of these animals, adaptations have been made in the anatomical structure of the neck that is worth studying. Objective This study aimed to investigate a standard morphologic and morphometric description of the elephant cervical spine. Another aim of this study was to compare the changes in the cervical skeleton of elephants with horses and cattle. Methods For this study, the cervical vertebrae of the Asian elephant, cattle and horse were examined. CT Images were obtained using Somatom Spirit II CT Machine. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 24 software. Results Two dorsal tubercles and a groove between them were observed on the dorsal arch of the atlas vertebra of the Asian elephant. In elephant samples, the variation of vertebral body height, spinous process height, transverse process width, vertebral body length and vertebral foramen volume indices were statistically significant. The volume of the vertebral foramen in the elephant decreases in the second vertebra compared to the first vertebra, decreases in the third vertebra, decreases in the fourth, increases in the fifth, decreases in the sixth and increases in the seventh. Conclusions In this study, the structure of the cervical vertebrae of the Asian elephant was examined, and certain features were observed. One of the main features was the reduction of the length of the vertebrae, which leads to the decrease of the ratio of neck length to the size of the body. This condition can be due to the high weight of the head in the elephant. To maintain this weight, it is necessary to reduce the length of the neck and confer less mobility.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it