Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory contaminants may be introduced at any point between sample collection and analysis. During schistosomiasis control efforts in Côte d’Ivoire, a mite contaminating a urine specimen was visualized under light microscopy that resembled the egg of Schistosoma haematobium. Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) continue to disproportionately impact children in rural low-income regions. Chronic infection with schistosomiasis results in morbidity related to gastrointestinal disease such as complications of portal hypertension (Schistosoma mansoni) or urogenital disease such as bladder cancer or infertility (S. haematobium).1 Preventative chemotherapy in high-burden settings with praziquantel is recommended by the World Health Organization to mitigate morbidity.2 In this study, urine and stool samples from school-aged children in several villages near Azaguié, Côte d’Ivoire, were analysed as part of ongoing schistosomiasis and STH surveillance projects in the region. Urine was filtered through 20-μm filter paper and visualized under light microscopy for S. haematobium infection. A mite from the Tarsonemidae family is visualized in Figure 1 (black arrow) next to S. haematobium eggs (red arrows). Tarsonemidae mites typically feed on vegetation and are infrequent contaminants of urine and stool specimens.3 These mites share a similar shape, size and colour as schistosome eggs (~120–150-μm long), and could be mistaken for an egg at low power magnification or with rapid review of a slide. Contaminants may be introduced during sample collection, transportation, processing or analysis, and can mimic pathogens; in this case mimicking an egg, in other cases a worm,4,5 Careful examination of slides by expert microscopists can help distinguish contaminants from true pathogens. A mite from the Tarsonemidae family (black arrow) is visualized with Schistosoma haematobium eggs (red arrows) under light microscopy JTC has no conflicts to declare. IIB consults to BlueDot, a social benefit company that tracks emerging infectious diseases, and to the NHL Players’ Association.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".