Automated 3D Analysis of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Images Demonstrates Significant Reductions in Cam Morphology Following Arthroscopic Intervention in Contrast to Physiotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To obtain automated measurements of cam volume, surface area, and height from baseline (preintervention) and 12‐month magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired from male and female patients allocated to physiotherapy (PT) or arthroscopic surgery (AS) management for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the Australian FASHIoN trial. Methods An automated segmentation pipeline (CamMorph) was used to obtain cam morphology data from three‐dimensional (3D) MR hip examinations in FAI patients classified with mild, moderate, or major cam volumes. Pairwise comparisons between baseline and 12‐month cam volume, surface area, and height data were performed within the PT and AS patient groups using paired t ‐tests or Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. Results A total of 43 patients were included with 15 PT patients (9 males, 6 females) and 28 AS patients (18 males, 10 females) for premanagement and postmanagement cam morphology assessments. Within the PT male and female patient groups, there were no significant differences between baseline and 12‐month mean cam volume (male: 1269 vs 1288 mm 3 , t [16] = −0.39; female: 545 vs 550 mm, 3 t [10] = −0.78), surface area (male: 1525 vs 1491 mm 2 , t [16] = 0.92; female: 885 vs 925 mm, 2 t [10] = −0.78), maximum height (male: 4.36 vs 4.32 mm, t [16] = 0.34; female: 3.05 vs 2.96 mm, t [10] = 1.05) and average height (male: 2.18 vs 2.18 mm, t [16] = 0.22; female: 1.4 vs 1.43 mm, t [10] = −0.38). In contrast, within the AS male and female patient groups, there were significant differences between baseline and 12‐month cam volume (male: 1343 vs 718 mm 3 , W = 0.0; female: 499 vs 240 mm 3 , t [18] = 2.89), surface area (male: 1520 vs 1031 mm 2 , t (34) = 6.48; female: 782 vs 483 mm 2 , t (18) = 3.02), maximum‐height (male: 4.3 vs 3.42 mm, W = 13.5; female: 2.85 vs 2.24 mm, t (18) = 3.04) and average height (male: 2.17 vs 1.52 mm, W = 3.0; female: 1.4 vs 0.94 mm, W = 3.0). In AS patients, 3D bone models provided good visualization of cam bone mass removal postostectomy. Conclusions Automated measurement of cam morphology from baseline (preintervention) and 12‐month MR images demonstrated that the cam volume, surface area, maximum‐height, and average height were significantly smaller in AS patients following ostectomy, whereas there were no significant differences in these cam measures in PT patients from the Australian FASHIoN study. Level of Evidence Level II, cohort study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".