Engineering Amorphous/Crystalline Structure of Manganese Oxide for Superior Oxygen Catalytic Performance in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Although amorphous materials are popular in oxygen electrocatalysis, their performance requires further improvement to meet the need for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. In this work, an amorphous/crystalline layered manganese oxide (ACMO) was designed, and its unique amorphous/crystalline homogeneous structure activated its oxygen reduction activity with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and oxygen evolution activity with a moderate overpotential of 407 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the amorphous/crystalline structure endowed ACMO with excellent stability. While employed as the air‐electrode material for rechargeable zinc–air batteries, ACMO overcame the poor cycling stability of manganese oxide and cycled stably for 1000 cycles (≈17 days) at 10 mA cm−2. Besides, it delivered a high power density of 159.7 mW cm−2 and a narrow voltage gap of 0.66 V. This work gives an insight into designing oxide materials with amorphous/crystalline structure and feasible guidance for harmonizing electrochemical activity and stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".