Microstrip Coupled-Line Directional Coupler for High-Sensitivity Dielectric Constant Measurement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a simple approach utilizing microstrip coupled-line directional couplers for the dielectric constant measurement of materials. In the proposed method, material under tests (MUTs) are placed on the coupled lines of a coupler as a sensor, and the coupler's coupling (S31) and isolation factors (S41) are considered as the sensor's response. The concept is based on changing the effective dielectric constant of the structure that leads to a change in the coupling coefficient (S31) by putting different MUT. In addition, since the isolation of a microstrip coupled-line coupler depends on the difference between the phase velocity in the substrate and the medium above the strips, by putting different MUTs on the line, the isolation factor (S41) changes noticeably. This change is significantly greater than the change in the S21of a microstrip line when it is loaded with different MUTs. To prove the concept, a high isolation directional coupler working in low gigahertz was designed and fabricated. By putting different MUTs on the fabricated coupler, the coupling and isolation factors were measured. Good agreement between the full-wave solver and measurement results was observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".