The anterior hip capsule is thinner in dysplastic hips: a study comparing different young adult hip patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the thickness and intra-substance change of anterior capsule of the hip joint, and compare the difference of the capsular features in patients with different statuses of hip stability. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to review a hip preservation database. Using the lateral center edge angle(LCEA), patients with borderline dysplasia of the hip (BDH) of 20° ≤ LCEA ≤ 25°, femoracetabular impingement(FAI) with LCEA > 30° and dysplasia of the hip (DH) of LCEA < 20° were enrolled and stratified into different treatment groups. The patients' imaging was reviewed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists who were blinded to clinical outcomes. Thickness and intra-substance change of the anterior hip capsule was measured on the sagittal oblique sequences of MRI. A surgeon measured the thickness of the anterior hip capsule during arthroscopy. The capsular thickness and intra-substance change were compared among different groups. RESULTS: Thirty patients (17 women and 13 men) enrolled in each group (FAI, BDH, and DH) matched by sex and ages were evaluated. There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, BMI, Alpha angle, and Tönnis grade among all three groups. The mean thickness of the anterior capsule in the DH group was 3.2 ± 0.5 mm, which was significantly thinner than that in the BDH and FAI groups (4.5 ± 0.8 mm and 4.7 ± 0.6 mm), and there was no significant difference in capsular thickness between the BDH and FAI groups. The Median of anterior capsule thickness via arthroscopic measuring was 6 mm and 7 mm in the BDH and FAI groups respectively, which has no statistical difference. The intra-substance change of the anterior capsule shows a significant difference among the three groups, and a higher incidence of delamination of the capsule was found in DH groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hip dysplasia have a significantly reduced capsular thickness on MRI and delaminated anterior joint capsule, which could be a sequence of instability. The clinical relevance of this study is that capsular thickness and intra-substance changes of the anterior capsule vary which could alter capsular management strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III of evidence, DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES, No consistently applied reference standard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".