Measuring Interparticle Friction of Granules for Micromechanical Modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop an experimental procedure to measure contact friction between granular particles. The contact friction is a micro-property needed in the micromechanical modeling of a granular medium. The proposed method can measure the interparticle friction of idealized spherical particles using the conventional direct shear apparatus in soil testing. In preparation for the test, the test specimen is made of four steel balls embedded halfway in a sulfaset paste plate positioned in a statically determinant configuration to provide point contacts among the steel balls. The upper half of the shear box contains one steel ball, which is supported by three steel balls in the lower shear box, ensuring contact points at all times during the test. Shear force and shear displacement are measured under a specific normal force during the test. An analytical equation is developed based on the geometrical configuration of the balls to calculate the interparticle friction angle. The test is shown to be repeatable, and the calculated interparticle friction angle agrees well with experimental measurements with a high degree of accuracy and consistency.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".