Pore-scale systematic study on the disconnection of bulk gas phase during water imbibition using visualized micromodels
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
When water imbibes into tight rocks, the disconnection of bulk gas phase will significantly impact the performance of gas recovery. In this work, we have conducted a systematic micromodel study on the disconnection of gas phase during water imbibition. Seven types of micromodels were designed that can geometrically mimic basic pore structures of a tight sandstone. Then, we conducted capillary-dominant imbibition experiments and analyzed the effects of pore geometry and pore-throat ratio on the transient evolutions of gas–water interfaces. Our pore-scale results reveal that snap-off and bypassing flows are the two main mechanisms that determine disconnection and entrapment of the gas phase. Moreover, we qualitatively linked the pore-scale two-phase displacements to the core-scale “permeability jail” phenomenon (i.e., nearly immobile of non-wetting and wetting phases across a wide range of saturation values). Our study will enrich the knowledge of entrapment behaviors of the gas phase during water imbibition into tight formations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it