Wet Chemical Synthesis of Sb4O5Cl2 Used as an Effective Photocatalyst for Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present scientific contribution aims to elaborate antimony oxychloride Sb4O5Cl2 via a wet chemistry method and to study its photocatalytic activity to degrade methylene blue and crystal violet cationic dyes. The prepared samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction PXRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, Scanning electron microscopy analysis SEM and UV-Visible measurements. PXRD results revealed that the Sb4O5Cl2 was successfully formed in a monoclinic phase structure with P21/a space group. FTIR results show the presence of all characteristic bands that distinguished the prepared compound mainly include Sb−O, Sb−O−Sb, and Sb=O vibrating modes bands located at 503, 607, and 832 cm-1, respectively. SEM micrograph showed that the microstructure of the prepared antimony oxychloride is composed of particles with sand rose morphology. UV-Visible outcomes demonstrated that our synthesized Sb4O5Cl2 is an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of both methylene blue MB and crystal violet CV targeted dyes. MB degradation reached 93.67% after 30 min while CV degradation up to 92.56% after 360 min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".