Porosity Development at Li-Rich Layered Cathodes in All-Solid-State Battery during <i>In Situ</i> Delithiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Structural evolutions are crucial for determining the performance of high-voltage lithium, manganese-rich layered cathodes. Moreover, interface between electrode and electrolyte plays a critical role in governing ionic transfer in all-solid-state batteries. Here, we unveil two different types of porous structure in Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2 cathode with LiPON solid-state electrolyte. Nanopores are found near the cathode/electrolyte interface at pristine state, where cation mixing, phase transformation, oxygen loss, and Mn reduction are also found. In situ Li + extraction induces the evolution of nanovoids, initially formed near the interface then propagated into the bulk. Despite the development of nanovoids, layered structure is conserved, suggesting the nature of nanopores and nanovoids are different and their impact would be divergent. This work demonstrates the intrinsic interfacial layer, as well as the dynamic scenario of nanovoid formation inside high-capacity layered cathode, which helps to understand the performance fading in cathodes and offers insight into the all-solid-state battery design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".