Mapping the direction of electron ionization to phase delay between VUV and IR laser pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a one-to-one mapping between the direction of electron ionization and the phase delay between a linearly polarized vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and a circular infrared (IR) laser pulse. To achieve this, we use an ultrashort VUV pulse that defines the moment in time and space when an above-threshold electron is released in the IR pulse. The electron can then be accelerated to high velocities escaping in a direction completely determined by the phase delay between the two pulses. The dipole matrix element to transition from an initial bound state of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecule, considered in this work, to the continuum is obtained using quantum-mechanical techniques that involve computing accurate continuum molecular states. Following release of the electron in the IR pulse, we evolve classical trajectories, neglecting the Coulomb potential and accounting for quantum interference, to compute the distribution of the direction and magnitude of the final electron momentum. The concept we theoretically develop can be implemented to produce nanoscale ring currents that generate large magnetic fields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".